Sanskrit lessons pdf

The infix and the tense terminations are combined together and shown here. The table applies to verbs in "parasmaipada" Per. Please note that the form of the root that is taken is pa. Panini, the foremost among Grammarians, had listed about root forms for Sanskrit.

Surprisingly, knowledge of just about of the root forms will be adequate for understanding Sanskrit texts. If you arew curious as to what these are, you may have to wait for advanced lessons to be put up in these pages! This is a big task and we would like to know if you are interested. Send us a note. The tables given below may be used as a basic reference for determining the forms of the verbs in different tenses. The student is reminded that the table is given only as a reference and the terminations cannot be blindly applied to a root form.

It will be necessary to remember the root forms for many verbs. The form shown above may be interpreted in the light of this observation. For a long time we have not had a vacation. It is a long time since we have had a vacation. We should certainly go somewhere this summer. A place far away from this crowd into the mountains or forests and spend some time with nature.

Yes, yes we will go to the Himalayas and view the snow capped peaks. Let me think. This year my paid vacation is due. Shankar, for a long time I have had a wish to go to Badrinath and Kedarnath before my death. Your mother too had the same wish. Yes, we will go to the Himalayas only and see two of the most important shrines temples. Remember the saying?

The manes are satisfied and the mangoe trees also watered. Like that we shall enjoy nature and also take our bath in the holy Ganges. If so, we shall plan our trip. That is in the beginning of May and when does it reopen? Listen, first we go to Delhi by train and then To Hardwar we can take a train or bus, or to Dehra Doon Let us go to Hardwar and not Dehara Doon. After a dip in the holy Ganges, we shall start our pilgrimage.

Tell me, Tell me! Who was Daksha? And who is this Veerabhadra? I will tell later. So it is decided. First we go to Delhi by train. Then we go by train again, to Hardwar. Train journey is more comfortable than journey by bus.

Early May, the day of the pilgrimage. Usha, Mohan, do not trouble me. I am preparing for the trip. Go, talk to your grandfather or play. So I am preparing some dry food for you. Uma, have you taken water cans, flash light, sleeping bags and such?

Father, yes. We have also packed candles, match box and some books to read. I shall take few medicines and digestives. On the way we can exchange them at banks for cash. The van is here and Senthil has come to pick up our luggage. OK, before departure, we shall pray to the Deity and then proceed with our trip. Hold my hand, lest you be lost in the crowd. This is an airconditioned compartment but it is two tier. Where is three tier? Senthil, please take the luggage there.

Berth numbers 40 to Father, you sit here next to the window. I will sit near the window. Mohan, you sit here next to me and Usha, you sit in front of me near that window. Fine, but how do we lie down? Where is the place to sleep? You said it is a sleeper compartment.

Ha, Ha Ha! Pull this lever. See your sleeper berth is spread folds out. You will sleep here. Where have we come? We are now near Vijayavada. Are we in Andhra? Telugu is spoken here. How many minutes to reach there? Do you know Bhadrachalam, where long ago, Lord Sri Ramachandra resided for some time?

It is situated here on the banks of the Godavari. From here in about an hours time we will reach, but the train does not stop at Bhadrachalam.

When the train crosses the bridge, we can see the river. For lunch we will be at Nagpur. Nagpur was a great center of our ancient culture. She Nagpur is in Vidarbha. Usha, Mohan, Who between the two remembers?

I know. Rukmini, the dear wife of Sri Krishna. Also Damayanti, wife of Nala. Yes, according to some the king of kings among poets, Kalidasa was also born here. Father, please eat your beaten rice mixed with milk and honey. Usha, Mohan, see, Father is eating his traditional "corn flakes"! Uma, what are you giving us for breakfast? Wait, the caterer will come. Let us see what he brings.

Voice - Breakfast, breakfast. What are you giving providing for breakfast? Vegetarian or Nonvegetarian? Idli, Vada, Pongal. Coffee or Tea. How much? How many Rupees? Twenty Rupees. What do you give in Non-vegetarian?

Why do you ask? You do not eat Non-vegetarian. Just to know. Toast and Omelette. Sakahar: ev. We will have four breakfasts. Vegetarian only. By the way, when do we get lunch? South Indian and North Indian packets can be had. Rice, lentils, chappati or puri, vegetables, sambhar, curds yoghurt and papad. Twenty five Rupees. For us three lunch packets, Southern type. The train is passing through the beautiful forests and mountains of central India.

Sister, again and again these hills, again and again the forests. Yes, what else can we do? We shall request Grandfather to tell us some story. Grandfather, tell us a story. On that day you said you will tell us. That story. Which story? You said that the head of Dakhaprajapti was severed by Shiva at a place called kankhal near Hardwar.

Tell that story. Ok, listen. Long time ago there was a prajapati called Daksha. He had many daughters. Among them was Sati, the wife of Mahadeva. So all the Gods prostrated before him. Even Lord Vishnu prostrated before him? Shiva too? No, and so Daksha developed a hatred for Shiva. Daksha started a great Yagna sacrifice at the place Kanakhal. He called all the Gods and all his daughters to take part in the sacrifice. But he did not invite Sati and Mahadeva.

Still, Sati was very keen to attend the Yagna and see her parents too. What did Daksha do? She was treated well by her father. In the Yagna, Daksha offered oblations to all the Gods. But he did not offer Shiva what was due to him. Sati was saddened by the insult to her husband. She asked her father the reason for it. Daksha then abused Shiva.

Unable to bear the abuse of her husband, Sati burnt herself in the Yogagni Sacrificial fire. Hearing of her death, Shiva was furious. Also he severed the head of Daksha. What happened afterwards? Also they prayed for bringing Daksha back to life. Cutting the head of a goat, Shiva fixed it to the torso of Daksha. Thus Daksha regained life. We have reached New Delhi. After staying here for the day, we will leave for Hardwar, by the Mussorie express at night. Where shall we go now? We shall go to the First class waiting rooms, complete our baths etc.

A little later. After breakfast, they go to see the city. Delhi city was called Indraprastha in ancient times. Did you know that? Not only is it the capital of India today, but it was the capital of the Pandavas too. In that case, are there ancient forts and palaces here? No, unfortunately the kingdom of Delhi was under the rule of the Mohammadans for a very long time. Two types of Muslim rulers ruled over Delhi. They were known as Sultans and Mughals respectively.

They ruled over Delhi for six hundred and fifty years. During that period, all the palaces and temples of Sanathana Dharma were destroyed. Perhaps Jantar Mantar, the observatory, is the only remnant. The iron pillar near Kutubminar, according to some people, belongs to Sanathana Dharma.

We will go to the sleeper compartment of our train and sleep. The train will leave at Wake up, wake up. Within fifteen minutes we will reach Hardwar. It is very cold. Wake up and get up quickly. The train stops here only for a few minutes. It is my fortune. At last I will be able to see the holy Ganges. All the three are used synonimously, ireespective of case ending.

This is also an indeclinable. C or leave travel concession, the Indian equivalent of a paid vacation. The travel costs are paid by the employer. Whenever p akq is used, the event denoted by the noun or nominal clause refered to by p akq should be in the fifth case. Here p akq is used to imply "before eating". Similarly laEkyan or Bus. In the scriptures it refers to the liberation of the person from worldly distress. Indians view the seven towns as places which remove bondage. Surprisingly, even the English term is coined!

So a widened car, meaning thereby a Van or a mini bus. Here it means a small catch that should be released to swing the berth into the sleeping position. Also used in the dual sense of duration and time. We are not surprised that this combination has manifested in the word "culture" in English. Lord Krishna plays an important and central figure in the epic Mahabharata. A compound noun.

This word is in Future tense. The connection you see is reason enough to reckon Sanskrit as the very first language of the world. There are other prefixes which are similar The prefix p is also seen in the same manner. It means before. For instance preschool, predetermine! Here it means father and mother. A belief as per the Sanathana Dharma. But may have different meanings in different contexts. It contains many instances of the akshara mE which resembles the sound of bleating.

In this lesson, it refers to the so called Hindu religion. It has a unique sun-dial. This is root word from which the word "Iron" is derived. There is a pillar made of Iron in Delhi, in front of the Kutub Minar which has never rusted. This is a metallurgical marvel that continues to puzzle scientists and engineers even now in the twentyfirst century. The sequence of case endings and tenses is also continued.

The novelty here is to introduce the student to usages of terms typical of ancient Indian culture. So, what should we do now? Where do we go? To a Hotel or an Ashram of the Saints? Neither, my company has a rest house on the banks of the Ganges, at a place called Muni ki Reti. In fact, it is on the way to the mountains. Our rooms are reserved there. Shall we go by horse cart? Caretaker- Please come Sir. Uma - What is he saying? Shankar - What shall we do now? Grandfather- Yes, we are coming from Madras.

Has any arrangement been made for our stay here? Caretaker- Father, everything is ready for you. You speak good Hindi. Please come. Uma, Shankar - Father,how are you able to speak Hindi? When and where did you learn? Grandfather- What do you think? We old people do not know anything- Is that what you think? How do we take a dip? Not only is it freezing but the flow is so fast. I am afraid even to touch the water. Where is the question of dipping? Once we dip we shall no longer feel cold.

They reach Rishikesh enroute Kedaranath and Badrinath. They see the Lakshmana Joola wooden suspension bridge across the Ganges believed to have been first built by Lakshmana. The children play on the bridge. They see some of the ashrams on the other bank of the Ganges. They have their bath there in the Ganges. Same Day, in the evening. We will ascend the Himalaya Parvata tomorrow morning.

This part of the Himalayas is called Tehri Garhwal. We shall hire a van and proceed so that we can see some important places and temples on our way. First, we shall go to Badrinath. No, not that way. The rule is that one should see Kedaranath first and then go to Badrinath. Actually, in the olden days, pilgrims would first see Yamunottari, then to Gangottari and thereafter proceed to Kedar and Badri.

Ganga actually does not start at Gangottari, but she comes into sight at a place called Gomukh about ten miles from there. From there she flows towards Gangottari. So most people go only upto Gangottari. Grandfather, Why the name Gomukh? It is because the source sprout of Ganga appears like the face of a cow. So the name. Does Ganga start from there?

No, Nobody knows where she comes from. We have heard that she comes from very far away before Gomukh but is invisible. If so, let us go to Kedaranath first. How will it be above? What will be the height of the places we intend visiting? Indeed, it will be more than ten thousand feet. It will certainly be very cold. We shall shiver in the cold. If so, should more blankets and woolen clothing be taken? Blankets will be available everywhere but we have to take woolen clothing.

Do we go after our baths? No way, do you wish to freeze into ice here itself? How can we go without a bath? We do not know if there are facilites for bathing enroute. We will become tired after traveling. There, after our baths and breakfast, we can proceed. They go along the Ganges for some distance. Midway, the river disappears from sight. After some distance, they reach Devaprayag. Usha, see, here too there is a Lakshmana Joola. Let us play, come. There are many such bridges. The one in Rishikesh alone is called Lakshmana Joola.

They reach the confluence of the two rivers. First, let us bathe here. This is Ganges but which is the other? Here, it is the confluence of the Ganga and Alakananda.

There should be the temple of Raghunatha close by. How is it there is a Prayag here too? Listen, wherever there is a confluence of two rivers, it is called Prayag. On our way, there will be many more Prayagas. The Hindus believe that at every Prayag, there is a third river underground, but it is not visible to the eye. So, in reality, threre are three rivers. They have their bath, see the Raghunatha temple and once again concentrate on their journey. Now which river do we follow?

Both are beautiful. We shall follow Alakananda. Only along the Alakananda there is a road. If one decides to go along the Ganges, one should have taken the road to Tehri earlier. They reach Srinagar. Srinagar is a very beautiful valley in the Garhwal district. They have their lunch. Potatoes, potatoes and potatoes everywhere. Is there anything without potatoes? From now on, whether even this will be available, we do not know.

Whatever may be, for Grandfather I have taken some dry fruits and dry eatables. We shall proceed upto Rudraprayag and halt there for the night I think, and proceed from there in the morning.

Grandfather, two rivers join here too? Oh, God! I have heard that there are many man-eaters here. There are neither tigers here nor lions.

There are only people like us. Look at the beauty of the moon. It is visible above that snow peak. How peaceful it is here. Only the sound of the water beating against the rocks, breaks the silence of this place. Yes, but we have to go to the rest house soon where we can warm ourselves in the fire. They go to the rest house at Rudraprayag. All the five shiver in the cold as they are not used to it.

Here Alakananda joins the Mandakini and so there is a confluence of Shiva and Vishnu. The Mandakini river comes from Kedaranath temple town. Alakananda comes from Badrinath and the two join here. The former is the abode of God Shiva and the latter that of Vishnu. Have I not mentioned that wherever two rivers meet, a third one flows as an undercurrent?

That Sarawati is of the nature of Brahma. So, here at Rudraprayag, the important trinity of the Hindu Gods reside. From here, we shall proceed along the Mandakini upto Kedaranath. At some places, she will flow near us and at places, hundreds of yards, below us. Look, this side of the mountain is full of trees and appears green. On that side towards Badrinath it looks barren. Look, those who want to proceed to Triyuginarayan should take this path.

What is Triyuginarayan? On the top of this peak, there is a fire burning day and night. This fire burns always and is supposed to be burning right from Tretayuga. They reach Gowrikund and stay for the night there. Next day, they start their trip again. Is there anything to see here? How did the name Gowri Kund arise? Yes, there is a hot water spring here. It is here that Goddess Parvati performed penance intending to marry Lord Shiva. They all have their baths in the hot water spring. From here one has to walk the seven KM distance to Kedaranath.

Father, for you I have arranged a dandi. What is that? A chair is bound to two bamboo poles and is carried on the shoulders by four men. One can go on horseback too but for father, it will be difficult. Usha, Mohan, do you want to go horeseback? No, we shall walk. A little later Shankar also reaches. Much later Uma arrives extremely tired. At last you reached. I thought you had returned to Gowrikund. You are jesting with me now are you? Why should Kedarnath be so difficult to reach?

Uma, In A. Bhagavadpada Shankaracharya, attired just in two cotton clothes and his kamandalu had come here twentyfive centuries ago. After renovating the temple here, he established the system of worship and also the rules for the Pujari priest. He also went to Badrinath and acquired the idol of Badrinath from the ice cold waters of the Alakananda.

He installed the idol in the temple and also laid down the rules for the worship and for the priest. You, having walked only seven KM, that too well protected in woolen clothing and chewing chocolates all the way, complain? As far as Shankaracharya is concerned, I agree with you. But he was no ordinary person like us. How would you know the difficulties experienced by me on the way? What do you think? That I was brought here in a Mercedes Benz? It is not so. These four, each one had a different gait.

While they avoided the rocks or negotiated bends, they threw me up and down again and again. I felt that I will fall down. They rest for the remaining part of the day. And they wondered looking at the divine place and beauty of Kedaranath. In the morning, they have their baths in the Mandakini and offer their prayers in the temple of Kedaranath. Shankar brings some Brahmakamal lotuses and offers them to the Lord. What kind of flower is this? It looks like a lotus.

This is Brahmakamal. It blossoms on a tree and looks like a lotus. So it is called Brahmakamal. It is seen in this place means that it grows prdeominantly in this region. Usha, Mohan, look, this Linga is self made.

Swayambhu, i. What satisfaction to the mind! Even to think of returning from here is painful. But this unbearable cold. Even at noon one shivers within the woolen clothing. Be that as it may. They return to Gowrikund by foot. From there to Rudraprayag by vehicle. Next day, their journey towards Badrinath is resumed. On the way they reach Jyotirmath. Shankar, stop here for sometime. I have heard that there is a Peetham established by AdiShankara here. In all the four directions Peethas were established by him.

The northern ritualistic Peetha is here. I want to see that. After seeing the Ashram, they reach Badrinath. After spending the night there, they go to see Badrinath temple in the morning. Father, did you not say that the two Maharshis Nara and Narayana are doing penance here even today? That hill is Narayana. Opposite that, the snow peaked mountain is called Nara. In the warm months, when there is no snow, people worship Badri Vishal.

During the six months when it is covered with snow, the Devas worship him , people do not come here. They just light a lamp and go. When they return after six months, the lamp remains lit. Let us have our bath in the hot water spring and return. Thereafter they go to the Alakananda river, sprinkle the cold water on themselves and see the Narada rock. They visit the temple of Badrinath, pray and worship and return extremely satisfied.

They are known as Brahma, Vishnu and Maheswara Shiva. So Kaliyuga, the last will be of duration which is a tenth of the span, or 4,32, years or a little less than half a million years.

The current millennium, i. Sankara, was responsible for teaching the people, the fundamental concept of Advaita, or principle of non-duality. Saints carry such a vessel with them wherever they go. As- denotes existence in all its variants. Sanskrit is unique in that three forms exist for each noun. They are singlular, plural and dual. The third form dual is to beused when refering to two persons at a time.

The sanskrit terms for these are. The translator has to introduce the article as required. Also the same verb As- is usd in two different ways to mean "is" and "have". The correct meaning will have to be understood from the context. Though this may appear a bit confusing, the student will be able to make the distinction with some practice. The personal pronouns also have three forms Singular Dual Plural I per. The personal pronouns corresponding to the possessive case are also given in the three forms.

In the first and second person they have no gender. I per. Exercise-1 Here are some examples of questions and answers relating to this lesson. Now, try and answer the questions given below.

The answer may be in the affirmative or negative. The type of answer required is also indicated. Study the example given before proceeding further. We are introducing numbers as well. An example is given first. An example sentence is given. We have used numbers in the sentences seen earlier. The names given to the ten numerals are given below.

Devanagari has its own symbols for the numerals and these are also shown alongside. The first four numbers alone have variations depending on the gender. The remaining six have the same form for all the three genders. Table of Numerals. Name Sym. The "Darshana Shastras" place specific emphasis on this eternal connection between a word and its meaning. What the Samskritarians have proceeded on is the conviction that the Vedic language is the universal and natural language.

There is no place for any other language in this scheme! We have observed that in Sanskrit there are three numbers, namely Singular, Dual and Plural. The Dual form is unique to Sanskrit though one does encounter the dual form in Arabic and Avestan. In a later lesson, when we study cases, we will see that every noun will have a form for each of the eight cases that a noun can be used in. With three numbers and eight cases, there will be 24 forms for each noun. The forms are easily remembered.

Each verb will be remembered in nine forms, three forms each singular, dual and plural for first person, second person and third person. The personal pronouns I and you do not have any gender. There are three forms for each of the demonstrative pronouns he, she and this. This lesson deals with elementary conversation. Here, we introduce a family of four. A couple and their two children. The elder of the children is the son.

Oh Dharma! Have you brushed your teeth? Where is the toothpaste? You both drink your milk. Yamuna, see if the Newspaper has been delivered. One by one, take bath. Come, Yamuna. Let us offer our morning prayers. Again, one should note the correct translation here and not do a literal translation of the words. Come, all of you. Breakfast has been set. What have you made for breakfast? Dosa and sambar. Mother, give me some more sambar.

Please note the informal request. This is the usual manner in which one requests for additional serving. The formal "may I have some more sambar" is never used in Indian homes.

I have a special class in the college so I am hurrying. Drive the vehicle carefully. Please, take lead Yamuna to the school bus. This is common practice in India. Damayanthi, I will be late in the evening. There is a meeting in the office.

See you. This is not an akshara that is part of the language. It is known as the "avagraha". In Maths, I am the first. Oh, good! Mother, today we had a special lecture in college. A professor from Germany came. He lectured on chemistry.

Where is father? No, he will be a little late. Mother, Father is back. I am very tired. Bring warm water. I will take bath. Where is te soap? Come all. Let us have our dinner. What is for dinner? Cooked rice, lentils, vegetables and curds.

Past tense itself will be discussed in a future lesson. For many verbs, the addition of Aa as a prefix results in the action taking place in the reverse direction. Here are some more examples. The following words, used in the lesson are in the imperative. The imperative form of the causative is also conjugated similar to ny in the above table. In a simple sentence , there are three parts. Verb - The part that tells us something about the person or thing, such as what the person is doing.

Object - The person or thing that the action specified by the verb relates to. In a simple sentence in English, the verb and the object together form the predicate. Also in English, the object almost always follows the verb. In Sanskrit, the verb usually comes at the end. A number of words which qualify as the object for a simple sentence are also given. You can try and form sentences by selecting suitable combinations of the subject, object and verb.

Look up the meanings of the words in the glossary attached to this lesson. You will observe that arbitrary combinations of the above will not make sense! In the middle ring of the chart, you will find several indeclinable words.

Dear Shri Abhyankarji, Namaskar. These Sanskrit lessons as well as your series on Bhagavad Gita and Upanishads should be both in English and Hindi so that the largest number of people can take advantage of them helping the widespread understanding of Sanskrit and the Scriptures.

With kind regards Sethumadhavan. Have been a curious seeker of a way to learn Sanskrit in a simple manner. I found this section fitting the bill. Words cannot express my gratitude to the Teacher. The best learner leassons I have come across for the english knowing population who are interested in learning Sanskrit. The effort put in By SRI Abyankar is indeed immense and , the learners will be indebted to him for this great service.

Learning Sanskrit by fresh approach series by Sri Abyankar was also too good. The presentation way is unique and only Sri Abyankar can do this so well. Sanskrit was always regarded as a language with difficult grammar rules.

But Sri abyankar is great and his trying to make it very interesting and easy for people like us. May God help him in every way to coninue this work for years to come. Sanskrit bhasha ke utthan ke liye kiye ja rahe aap ke ssarahniy prayash main sahyog karna chahti hoon.

Thank you Sir. I m trying to learn it with my daughters Sanskrit lesson. Excellently presented to be learnt very easily with minimum strain. More important the flow is good so the learner can make progress confidently. You seem to be confusing between script and language.

In lessons here, all Sanskrit is written using the Devanagari script, which is used by three languages — Hindi Marathi and Sanskrit. Of course it is correct to say that being conversant with Devanagari script is what is presumed. It is somewhat fundamental a concept, that every language should be learnt by first learning the script. Do we learn English without learning the English alphabet?

Same logic should apply for learning any language. I found very good explanation on basics of sanskrit grammar. Shriman Abhyankarji, Namaskar! I wanted to learn Sanskrit. You deserve kudo indeed. You are commenting using your WordPress. You are commenting using your Google account. You are commenting using your Twitter account. You are commenting using your Facebook account. Notify me of new comments via email. Notify me of new posts via email. Skip to content. Share this: Twitter Facebook.

Like this: Like Loading Published April 11, May 2, Next Post Simple Sanskrit — Lesson 2. Thank you so much … Your explanation is clear and understandable. Very good for analyser and to study no complication thank u…. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Enter your comment here Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in:.